Learning Styles Essays (578 words) - Education,

Learning Styles Each individual adapts in an unexpected way. From kindergartner to postgraduate levels, no one but understudies can do the procuring, and they do it in their own specific, singular learning styles. A few kids get something the first occasion when they hear it. Others may not get a handle on an idea until they've gotten the opportunity to see it in print, or to compose it themselves. These individuals all utilization distinctive learning modalities. There are four fundamental manners by which individuals learn. Sound-related students gain data with the utilization of their ears. Visual learning happens with the utilization of our eyes. Sensation taking in gets from the utilization of our muscles and skin. Photographic students utilize the entirety of their faculties to acquire data. Everybody picks up data by these methods, yet a few people will in general kindness one angle over another, or depend more vigorously on one blend. For instance, recording (sensation) what we hear (sound-related) consolidate two modalities or styles. A larger part of individuals learn outwardly, so visual guides are an unquestionable requirement. It is ideal to instruct to the entirety of the initial three modalities while presenting an exercise with accentuation on the visual. You can utilize learning modalities in your instructing by discovering how singular understudies learn, and telling them what their most grounded modes are. They can figure out how to utilize this data for themselves, and you can urge them to reinforce modalities that might be feeble. The best thing that educators can do is give guidance, instruments, and a domain that permits them to learn through the channels that work best for them. Instructing to learning styles can be seen as utilizing an assortment of techniques to arrive at all understudies. Instructors who want to improve figuring out how to ideal levels will need a more profound comprehension of learning styles and approaches to oblige them. This includes an attention to learning style speculations, a comprehension of one's own lea rning inclinations, and realizing how to coordinate guidance to learning styles. At the point when we talk about learning styles, we frequently depict tangible modalities through which people get, procedure, store, and convey data. They sort understudies as visual, sound-related, or haptic (or sensation) students, while recognizing that these names show inclinations and qualities instead of total descriptors. For instance, college understudies, contemplating the equivalent testing article, may utilize shading to feature and separate principle thoughts (visual), disclose the primary ideas to a companion (sound-related), or control thoughts composed on notecards to show connections (sensation). While these understudies approach the perusing task in an unexpected way, they share the experience of being effectively occupied with the errand. The most significant message in all these learning style characterizations is that understudies' information on their specific learning styles can prompt progressively gainful considering. On the other hand, troubles emerge when there is an absence of self-understanding and suitable investigation procedure improvement. (Levine, 1997) Exploration on learning styles embroils that educators should instruct to the individual styles of their understudies, at the post optional level this proposal can't mean separate exercises for singular understudies. We can roll out important instructive improvements, for example, fusing extra visuals into addresses or giving freebees adequate edges for note taking. With expanded affectability to the assortment of learning styles in our homerooms, we can coordinate our understudies toward self-comprehension. We can share the exercises of grant that we have learned on our own scholarly excursions. The outcome will be expanded quantities of understudies who are effectively drew in members in our scholarly network. (U-Penn.com, 1998) Training

Van Doesburg and the International Avante

Van Doesburg and the International Avante Presentation The Tate Exhibit, by collecting universal works and works in numerous media, illustrates, to the less eager, the display designer’s message that the Avante-Garde was a genuine and wide running development, and one which resounds in its belongings even today. Styles, for example, Neo-Plasticism, are Elementarism are analyzed, however the most vivid is Dada.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Van Doesburg and the International Avante-Garde: Constructing a New World explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dadaism inspires various reactions from various watchers, from the insignificant, disturbing, or irritating, to the significantly freeing, and has done as such since it was propelled on the world. Given its anarchistic history, and the proceeding with banter about whether it is truly workmanship, its glorification at the Tate is unexpected. The Tate show can help exhibit Dada’s sway on today’s plan and our meanings of craftsmanship. A few models from genuine include: the educating of craftsmanship to kids, recolored glass in contemporary sacrosanct spaces, home goods, music instructing and making. An inspecting of the styles the show highlights incorporates De Stijl, Dadaism, Elementarism, and Neo-Plasticism. The global choice of craftsmen go from the big deal, for example, Arp and Mondrian, and darken ones also, with a solid Dutch nearness and financing support. The media showed are wide extending, and mirror the goal of the Avant-Garde’s defenders to topple old workmanship standards and make craftsmanship and structure available to the majority. Works are masterminded with the end goal that the orthogonals and diagonals are sited at either end, and craftsmen, specialties, and controls influenced by the Avante-Garde are in plain view in the middle. Van Doesburg’s drawings of detonated building subtlety are absent from the display. Photographs of the specialists improve our compreh ension of the human foundation to the workmanship. Product in the stores is very much shown and offers clients an opportunity to wear their scholarly bona fides on their shirt. The Tate has offered a determination of talks and other fora for watcher training. The course of action of the display assists with pointing out that the Avant-Garde was more than imaginative grumpiness or mental issue. End: The continuous discussion about whether crafted by the Avante-Garde are truly craftsmanship isn't using any and all means settled. Notwithstanding, the thoughts of the Avante-Garde positively freed the creation of craftsmanship to our advantage today.Advertising Looking for article on design? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The plan thoughts we see around us are profoundly influenced by their work. The show uncovers the universal extent of the Avante-Garde, and features the associations between the Avante-Garde and what we see ar ound us all the time. Van Doesburg’s inheritance merits recollecting. This Section isn't Part of the Assigned Project coming up next is the rundown of inquiries initially presented by the educator for thought, not a paper. This is set up as an agenda to permit the client to promise themselves that all the inquiries have been tended to, and to encourage correspondence over the language obstruction with the client. Since the subject is a workmanship show, and auxiliary sources are not comprehensive, a considerable lot of these answers are surmisings instead of dependent on direct close to home perception, which would have been the perfect method of reacting to the inquiries Who composed the display? Vicente Toldi, Tate Director Who curated it? Gladys Fabre, autonomous guardian Who supported it? Tate Patrons, Tate International Council, The Van Doesburg Exhibition Supporters Group, The Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Dedalus Foundation, Inc, Mondriaan Foundation, Prin ce Bernhard Cultural Foundation (Straver Foundation), SNS Reaal Fond Who planned it? Vicente Toldi, probably, since no other individual is referenced. Who is it target group? Potentially any individual who might not have considered the effect of the Avante-Garde, or who isn't an ardent workmanship fan is the objective. What are the points of the presentation? In view of the specialists and works picked; the point is to show works not regularly observed, to show works by lesser known craftsmen, and to show a wide scope of media that were influenced by the thoughts of the Avante-Garde. What is its focal contention? You can see proof of how these craftsmen prevailing with regards to toppling quite a bit of what went before when you check out you at plan, craftsmanship, and workmanship guidance today, and see their impact. What current discussions or topical issues does the show draw in with? Is this stuff genuinely ART? What hidden suppositions are conveyed by the selection of shows an d type of show? The type of show appears to accept generally non-impaired watchers expect that individuals strolling on their own two feet and looking with great vision are seeing the works. It likewise expect that the watcher has not seen already ephemera and artworks from a similar period, objects which reflect comparative plan thoughts. Is it fruitful as far as satisfying the points of the coordinators? It has been very much assessed generally as far as exhibiting why lesser known names in the Avante-Garde ought to be considered and recalled, and reporting the suffering impact of these thoughts. Imagine a scenario in which anything is avoided from its focal account. Not certain †possibly legislative issues, however not certain, yet one commentator referenced the nonappearance of certain Van Doesburg compositional drawings. How is the display sorted out (by topic, creator, sequentially, other)? Orthogonals are sited toward one side and diagonals at the other, with different m aterials in the middle of that were impacted by the imaginative discourse going on at that point. How are the antiques contextualized (i.e., through information boards, names, designs, list, and so forth.)? Not certain, yet there appear to be marks with generous data. There are talks and talks too, and a workshop for a hand-on venture. Is the structure of the show proper for its topic? It seems like it, however not certain. Does the Tate display give an instructive encounter, and how can it accomplish this? Talks, talks, hands-on ventures, add to foundation training. Is there a shop explicitly dedicated to stock supporting the show, and what amount of room does it involve comparable to the displays? Truly, yet not certain how much space is dispensed †the intuitive guide didn't appear to determine the shop film. What sorts of items does the shop sell, and how are they promoted? Common, not horrendously creative; things address the issue for things to flag the consumer’s s cholarly personality, or â€Å"brand†. End of logical notes to client Outline Van Doesburg and the International Avante-Garde: Constructing a New World 1. Presentation: The Tate Exhibit, by gathering global works and works in numerous media, illustrates, to the less eager, the display designer’s message that the Avante-Garde was wide running and resonates in its belongings even today. 2. Foundation of Dadaism as a befuddling off-shoot of the Avante-Garde a. The significance of the word b. The response of the contemporary exhibition guests c. How Dada was seen at the time d. Incongruity of a disorderly development being shown in Tate 3. The Tate show can help exhibit Dada’s sway on today’s plan and meaning of craftsmanship: models a. Instructing of workmanship to kids b. Recolored glass c. Home decorations d. Music making 4. Inspecting of styles the show incorporates a. De Stijl b. Dadaism c. Elementarism d. Neo-Plasticism 5. Craftsmen incorporated a. Nume rous works from seaward b. Solid Dutch portrayal and sponsorship bolster 6. Media incorporated a. Wide scope of masterful orders b. Mirror the aim to make workmanship open even to the mistreated 7. Plan of works a. Orthogonals and diagonals at either end b. Specialists influenced by these in show in the middle of c. Artworks and controls influenced in plain view in the middle of d. Drawings of detonated design detail missing from display e. Photographs improve comprehension of the human foundation to the workmanship Conclusion The progressing banter about whether crafted by the Avante-Garde are truly craftsmanship isn't using any and all means settled. Be that as it may, the thoughts of the Avante-Garde surely freed the creation of craftsmanship to our advantage today. The structure thoughts we see around us are profoundly influenced by their work. The display uncovers the worldwide extent of the Avante-Garde, and features the associations between the Avante-Garde and what we see ar ound us on a standard basis.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Van Doesburg and the International Avante-Garde: Constructing a New World explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The present show at the Tate Modern brings a large group of items together from an assortment of specialists, nations, and media, and styles that fall under the general classification of the Avante-Garde (Dadaism, Neo-Plasticism, Elementarism, Constructivism, and Art Concret). This great gathering shows the global idea of the Avante-Garde in its season of origin. The display likewise gives plentiful premise to considering (even by the individuals who don't live beyond words workmanship ) the wide running and durable effect on the lives of individuals today of the thoughts aging in the main many years of the twentieth century, even the disorderly and self-discrediting thoughts of Dadaism. Dada is a word that can be seen in an unexpected way, contingent upon one’s job, and where one is standing. To a glad dad, it is, he trusts, the main word spoken by an adored little child. To a present music fan, it is the name of a band (dada landing page). As called attention to by Tristan Tzara, a writer and writer of the mid 1900’, the wo

The Last Five Days

The Last Five Days How many days I have left in my parents’ home is approximately as many as a romcom character gets to decide her life. Five days. This week, someone from my hall at MIT asked, “When are you coming  home to 1E?” Which means I have two homes now, and although I should feel lucky, I am torn. In the college home, I get adventures with friends, bright city lights, and academic pursuits. In my parents home, I have my sister, the reason I dream to return each time. I’ll refrain from describing her so as not to inundate this post with a couple thousand extra words. I could never condense her into one story. So I won’t. Here, I also have my parents. Old friends. Blotches of forest in the neighborhood where deer families preside over moving cars. Over the plains, the sky is visible in all directions, and if I go out at sunset, I get dizzy from spinning under all the views of the setting sun. Here, I get the best seat under the setting spectacle. So what can I do in this home for the last five days? How do movies make it so easy to fold up a life and sew up a problem? Quickly and effortlessly. Maybe the answer is in setting the stage early. Here’s what I did this summer. In the beginning, I braved the Boston streets in a week of total freedom before my flight to Ohio. I wielded the power of the unlimited MBTA pass. I went to the Museum of Fine Arts and the Boston Public Library. Twice. Sat in a serene fake temple at the Museum. Saw masterpieces of Hokusai. Lounged on the cold polished floor of the Library’s basement and wept with mixed emotions. There, encircling the American fiction section, were Russian books that I used to own. That I left in Ukraine, certain of a quick return, oblivious of the grim future. Later, I stuffed myself with delectable cannolis from the North End Cannoli Factory. Strained arms with sacks of cheap fruit from the Haymarket. Stared plenty at the Atlantic Ocean and Charles River. And though I haven’t brought up my friends yet, rest assured, I hung out with them plenty. We ventured to a developing Boston suburb with an outdoor mall. There, right in the midst of generic stores, stood an AMC Movie Theatre opposing an ice cream shop. Just like in Ohio. Freaky! Upon return, I reveled in the privilege of wasting time. Oh, it felt good! All those late nights with ice cream and romantic comedy classics. Judging the characters but slightly hoping to be in their place. Hours of writing and introspection, the only way to rekindle creative power. One night, I decided to change my major. I was playing the CourseRoad Game and losing. When I considered switching to Course 17 (Political Science) in order to focus on public policy, the game was won. Makes sense. I came in as Course 18 (Mathematics) major, so only one unit off. Most of my high school friends have changed paths, too. A sworn teacher became a physical therapist. An aspiring archeologist turned to teaching. A music teacher decided to study bugs and a zoologist, sociology. I’d sworn to stick to math. Cannot imagine why. It took a while to get to now, but I am settled at last. I think. No guarantees in life. Time of the summer was spent, too, on recovering from the effects of freshman year. I was lost and disillusioned by the end, unable to see my niché. I was an outsider who came to a tech school only to realize I did not love tech. Now, don’t get me wrong, I still adore math and science. The times when ideas of math let us break past human constraints. Go to infinity and actually beyond. Into the 24th dimension. I shiver while thinking how many neurons light up while I’m thinking. With scientific knowledge, I am never alone. In my gut, tens of trillions of microorganism friends keep me company. That’s more than the number of my personal cells. So, in a way, there’s more of them in me than me. And that is both scary and awesome! On that note, my favorite website of the summer was GiantMicrobes.com. For those who wish to own an  adorable pink syphillis  or a pretty brain cell. After all that awesomeness, I still realized that I loved math and science for what I call the “humanities side of STEM.” Thus, I was lost. But whether for better or worse, MIT didn’t have too many majors to lead me astray. Now decided on Course 17, I hope I’m here to stay. To save up for food and gain experience, I tutored local children. One was a boy who’s going to graduate from my school this year. And it’s scary to realize that he’s the second generation to leave after mine. With every month, I lose another tie to my old life. Soon, I will recognize no students when I visit my school. I may even forget how the first touches of fall light up the local forest. This year, the tutoring experience was vastly different. After 11.125 Understanding and Evaluating Education, I no longer employed an idealistic fantasy to coach my students. Instead, I recalled the words of my instructor, knowing that, even if I fumble through a lesson, I’ll be aware of why. And we’ll work on it. Outside of work, I did some personal learning. Read fascinating articles online and discovered new favorite books. I explored transgressive fiction and literary minimalism, mostly by Chuck Palahniuk (whom you may know as the author of Fight Club, of which there is now a children’s version). Then devoured book after book written by C. Palahniuk’s literary favorites. No prose I’ve ever written could rank even close to the exquisite sentences of Amy Hempel. Just observe this one, “The year I began to say vahz instead of vase, a man I barely knew nearly accidentally killed me”  (from The Harvest). Have you ever read something so beautiful? How about this: “I moved through the days like a severed head that finishes a sentence.”? Before my journey into Chuck Palahniuk Universe, I discovered another favorite, Junot Díaz, who is a Pulitzer Prize winner and a professor at MIT. He teaches these classes. I may be able to one day learn how to write fiction from him! How exciting is it to learn writing from a favorite author? I look forward to finding out. In the real world, I caught up with old friends. Because switching a life around always involves reevaluating the old. I can see even stronger reasons now to never let go of my prior connections. Times and beliefs change, but there’s always something special about the friends you once loved. I wish I knew that at this time last year, when I packed my two bland suitcases with no memories and left. Related lessons of the summer: it’s never too late to start over with true friends. Never too late to change the old course of life. Id dreamed of entirely different things this time last year. Something else mattered more. College changed me to be the person I always was. It also revealed just how little I know. And how minuscule all the knowledge I will gather through life. That’s ok. Id like to never reach the peak. The best difference college made was reveal knowledge of who I am, which made me comfortable. Of what I want for the future, which let me love even the most dreary present suburban sights. Summer was about all those things, and much, much more. It was about writing. Finishing packs of gel pens exhausted by writing. Falling in love with fictional friends. Staying in love with real family and friends. Savoring a succession of sun salutes or folding into odd shapes in yoga. Running through the rain, glasses soaked, but still singing, laughing, feeling free. Recharging. Ready to begin again now! It’s terrifying and exhilarating. The finale of my trip home is scheduled this week. Then I shall commence the sequel. Of new dreams in a new home. Coming Soon:  Sophomore at MIT. A journey not to be missed… NOTE: the editing of this post was unfortunately delayed for the past two weeks, and that is how old the info presented is. I’m currently on campus, taking classes, and being a changed Course 17 major. My last five days in Ohio were an amazing finale to a wonderful summer. Post Tagged #11.125 Evaluating Education

Uniforms Code Violations At School Essay - 1730 Words

Have there been a numerous number of dress code violations at your school just this week? Is it getting old having to repeat the same things to students over and over again? Are they not listening even after they are punished? If this is the case, then consider making some changes to benefit the school and everyone in it. The easiest way to reduce these violations would be with uniforms. Ohio public schools dress code is greatly flawed and schools should implement a uniform policy to reduce office disciplinary referrals, address bullying, and create a positive culture in the school environment. Uniforms are traditionally favored in private schools, but they are being introduced into more and more United States public schools everyday. During the 2013-2014 school year, one in five public schools in the United States required students to wear uniforms to school everyday. This went up from one in eight schools requiring them in the 2003-2004 school year. (Background of the Issue, n.d., para. 1). The percentage of schools that require them has increased from thirteen percent during the 2003-2004 school year, to nineteen percent in the 2011-2012 school year (Background of the Issue, n.d., para. 18). The process of having to discipline a student because they violated the dress code is a process that nobody, student, teacher, or parent, likes to go through. Multiple students cannot drive; so when they disregard the school s dress code, their parents have to pause whateverShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Call for Uniforms at PenArgyl High School600 Words   |  3 Pages2013, â€Å"Uniforms will reduce bullying, teasing and disruption while also being a cheaper alternative for poor parents who struggle every year to afford new school clothes for their children†(Esack). Much like the Allentown Area School District, incorporating uniforms needs to be a priority for Pen Argyl High School. Not only will students have better attendance once uniforms are required, but one c an also expect school achievement to increase. The enacting of a uniform rule by the Pen Argyl School DistrictRead MorePersuasive Speech On School Dress Code1316 Words   |  6 Pagesspeech and expression. Schools have been violating this law in the place of school dress codes. There should not be a dress code in school because it violates the first amendment, they do not support creativity and they are expensive. Dress codes violate the first amendment. Students should have the ability to express themselves as it is their right to do so, but schools are prohibiting them from being able to express themselves. In the article Are Student Dress Codes a Violation of Civil Rights, YatesRead MoreEssay about Incorporating Uniforms into Our School1035 Words   |  5 Pages2013, â€Å"Uniforms will reduce bullying, teasing and disruption while also being a cheaper alternative for poor parents who struggle every year to afford new school clothes for their children†(Esack). Much like the Allentown Area School District, incorporating uniforms needs to be a priority for Pen Argyl High School. Not only will students have better attendance once uniforms are required, but one can also expect school achievement to increase. The enacting of a uniform rule by the Pen Argyl School DistrictRead More A Violation of Rights-School Uniforms Essay918 Words   |  4 Pagesto not violate policies, laws, and othe rs rights. There is a definite difference between a dress code and a school uniform. I support enforcing a school dress code, but is implementing a school uniform necessary? No matter how students dress, they will still pass judgments on their peers, uniforms do not necessarily save money, and children are forced to conform to the same standards. While in school, teachers have a responsibility to teach and students have the responsibility to learn. Both haveRead MoreStudents Who Wear Uniforms Benefit More Essay619 Words   |  3 PagesStudents Who Wear Uniforms Benefit More Than Students at Schools without Such Codes School uniforms are used in many schools to provide an atmosphere of uniformity among the students. Wearing school uniforms also makes the atmosphere more businesslike by giving a better approach to learning. The uniforms give fewer distractions, and save a lot of money for parents. Wearing uniforms provides equality among students by â€Å"eliminating class distinctions and placing the poor on equal footingRead MoreShould School Dress Code Be Enforced? Public Schools?1285 Words   |  6 Pages To some, arguing over student dress code seems trivial and useless. To others, it goes deeper than that. Dress code might seem like the typical â€Å"first world problem†, but to the average high school student, gaining the freedom ‘no dress code’ grants is incredible. The fact of the matter is, the rigid enforcement of student dress code has gone too far in today s society and dehumanizes us as citizens. Although school dress code attempts to promote modesty and protection, it also reinforces genderRead MoreThe Bright Side Of School Uniforms. Education In The United1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe Bright Side of School Uniforms Education in the United States from Kindergarten all the way to 12th grade is known for its free education system. That’s right, students all over the country are given the opportunity to retrieve a high school diploma for free. Education in this country is so important that schools around the country are pushing their board of education to propose the policy of school uniforms nationwide, as they believe school uniforms have a very beneficial and positive effectRead MoreSchool Uniforms : Unformity And Individuality855 Words   |  4 PagesUniforms Uniforms are expensive and are a violation of human rights, even though it’s professional and sober clothing, they don’t allow students to express who they are, people say it prevents bullying but bullying can happen without uniform. School uniform promotes conformity over individuality. They are difficult to enforce in public schools. It is more money to pay for uniforms and normal clothes outside of school. There really isn’t a uniform in real life like working if you work as a janitorRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms979 Words   |  4 PagesThe age old argument of whether or not uniforms and dress codes should be enforced in schools seems to never conclude. The issue of appropriate clothing in schools is controversial and provoking. Many argue that abolishing a student’s choice in their attire violates their freedom of expression. Students use what they wear to express themselves; their clothing gives them a sense of a unique style and ident ity. Others argue that permitting students to wear whatever clothing they like can create unnecessaryRead MoreDress Codes1271 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Dress Codes Dress codes have been in effect, in all walks of life, for decades upon decades. Dress codes dictate what is, and what is not appropriate to wear in that location. Business attire, school dress codes, and uniforms are all great examples of standards for dressing. The terms that identify what is attire is acceptable changes based on culture, the media, and fashion trends, but have those terms become too blurred? It seems that everyday in the United States people

Doing Interviews with Anonymous Sources

Whenever possible you want your sources to speak â€Å"on the record.† That means their full name and job title (when relevant) can be used in the news story. But sometimes sources have important reasons – beyond simple shyness - for not wanting to speak on the record. They will agree to be interviewed, but only if they aren’t named in your story. This is called an anonymous source, and the information they provide is typically known as â€Å"off the record.† When Are Anonymous Sources Used? Anonymous sources aren’t necessary – and in fact, are inappropriate - for the vast majority of stories reporters do. Let’s say you’re doing a simple person-on-the-street interview story about how local residents feel about high gas prices. If someone you approach doesn’t want to give their name, you should either convince them to speak on the record or simply interview someone else. There’s absolutely no compelling reason to use anonymous sources in these types of stories. Investigations But when reporters do investigative reports about malfeasance, corruption or even criminal activity, the stakes can be much higher. Sources may risk being ostracized in their community or even fired from their job if they say something controversial or accusatory. These types of stories often require the use of anonymous sources. Example Let’s say you’re investigating allegations that the local mayor has been stealing money from the town treasury. You interview one of the mayor’s top aides, who says the allegations are true. But he’s afraid that if you quote him by name, he’ll be fired. He says he’ll spill the beans about the crooked mayor, but only if you keep his name out of it. What Should You Do? Evaluate the information your source has. Does he have solid evidence the mayor is stealing, or merely a hunch? If he’s got good evidence, then you probably need him as a source.Talk to your source. Ask him how likely it is that he’d be fired if he spoke publicly. Point out that he’d be doing the town a public service by helping to expose a corrupt politician. You may still be able to convince him to go on the record.Find other sources to confirm the story, preferably sources who will speak on the record. This is especially important if your source’s evidence is flimsy. Generally, the more independent sources you have to verify a story, the more solid it is.Talk to your editor or to a more experienced reporter. They can probably shed some light on whether you should use an anonymous source in the story you’re working on. After following these steps, you may decide you still need to use an anonymous source. But remember, anonymous sources don’t have the same credibility as named sources. For this reason, many newspapers have banned the use of anonymous sources entirely. And even papers and news outlets that don’t have such a ban will seldom if ever, publish a story based entirely on anonymous sources. So even if you have to use an anonymous source, always try to find other sources who will speak on the record. The Most Famous Anonymous Source Undoubtedly the most famous anonymous source in the history of American journalism was Deep Throat. That was the nickname given to a source who leaked information to Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein as they investigated the Watergate scandal of the Nixon White House. In dramatic, late-night meetings in a Washington, D.C., parking garage, Deep Throat provided Woodward with information on the criminal conspiracy in the government. In exchange, Woodward promised Deep Throat anonymity, and his identity remained a mystery for more than 30 years. Finally, in 2005, Vanity Fair revealed Deep Throat’s identity: Mark Felt, a top FBI official during the Nixon years. But Woodward and Bernstein have pointed out that Deep Throat mostly gave them tips on how to pursue their investigation, or simply confirmed information they had received from other sources. Ben Bradlee, The Washington Posts editor-in-chief during this period, often made a point of forcing Woodward and Bernstein to get multiple sources to confirm their Watergate stories, and, whenever possible, to get those sources to speak on the record. In other words, even the most famous anonymous source in history was no substitute for good, thorough reporting and plenty of on-the-record information.

Hrm and Employment Relationships Free Essays

HRM and Employment Relationships Employment Relationship Employment Relationship can economical, social and political relationship in which employees provide manual and mental labour in exchange for reward from employers (Gospel and Palmer 1993) There are 4 Dimensions within the employment relationship * Economic exchange – Wage-effort bargain * Socio-political – Power * Legal/Contractual * Psychological contract/social exchange Contract of employment is formed when an offer of employment is made and accepted There are 3 ‘types’ of contract in the employment relationship (Schein 1980): 1. Formal – Economic and legal; 2. Informal – Reflecting the social norms in the workplace (the organisational ‘culture’) and those in wider society about how people should treat each other (‘Natural justice’); 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Hrm and Employment Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychologrcal (implicit ‘contract’ made up of unspoken expectations and obligations). The Psychological Contract of Employment A set of unwritten reciprocal expectations between an individual employee and the organisation’ (Schein 1977) Positive psychological contract through particular configurations of HR policies and practices * Behavioural and performance outcomes such as job satisfaction, employee commitment, motivation and lowered intention to quit. The Explicit Contract of employment An agreement between two parties enforceable by law†¦ a contract of service and comes into being when an employee agrees to work for an employer in return for pay’ (ACAS) * Accumulation of rights and responsibilities for both parties * The terms of a contract can be: * Express (explicitly agreed between the parties, either in writing or orally) * Implied (not explicitly agreed but which would be taken by the parties to form part of the contract Control VS Commitment With the evolution of people management there is now more of a focus on control. The logic of control Direct control * Low trust employment relationship * Strict supervision and task specification * Subordination of labour to capital. Responsible autonomy High trust commitment relationships A degree of worker discretions and responsibility Edwards (1979) developed this analysis by identifying two ‘structural’ strategies for control: Technical control -built into machinery and technology (Fordist) Bureaucratic control -Control via internal labour markets, career structures and the position of individuals relative to one another with regard to job security, status and ‘rank’. Social control Conformity and compliance with a set of formal or informal rules Internalisation of norms and values of a group Handy (1976), referring to organisations in their broadest possible sense (not only work organisations), identifies three types of psychological contract: Coercive * Contract is not entered into freely (e. . prisons) * Majority dominated by minority who exercise control by rule/punishment * Emphasis on conformity. Calculative * Contract is entered into freely but control is maintained by management * Power is expressed in terms of their ability to give desired rewards to the individual. Co-operative * Individual tends to identify with the goals of the organisation and strive for their attainment through individual effort. * Effort is based on the degree the individual has input in the company’s goals. Commitment is closely associated with motivation, but whereas motivation is focused mainly on the individual, commitment is more strongly associated with the individual’s attachment to, and identification with, the work organisation and the organisation’s goals’ (Blyton ; Jenkins 2008; 139) Employee commitment and association with the aims and values of the firm are the mediating link between HR policies and practices and enhanced individual and organisational performance Relationship reflects form of ‘labour’ involved and that can be ‘bought’ in this exchange: * Physical * Mental (‘thinking’) * Emotional (‘the act of expressing organisationally-desired emotions during service transactions’: Morris ; Feldman 1996; 987) * Aesthetic (‘looking good’ or ‘sounding right’: Nickson et al. 2003). How to cite Hrm and Employment Relationships, Papers

Hrm and Employment Relationships Free Essays

HRM and Employment Relationships Employment Relationship Employment Relationship can economical, social and political relationship in which employees provide manual and mental labour in exchange for reward from employers (Gospel and Palmer 1993) There are 4 Dimensions within the employment relationship * Economic exchange – Wage-effort bargain * Socio-political – Power * Legal/Contractual * Psychological contract/social exchange Contract of employment is formed when an offer of employment is made and accepted There are 3 ‘types’ of contract in the employment relationship (Schein 1980): 1. Formal – Economic and legal; 2. Informal – Reflecting the social norms in the workplace (the organisational ‘culture’) and those in wider society about how people should treat each other (‘Natural justice’); 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Hrm and Employment Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychologrcal (implicit ‘contract’ made up of unspoken expectations and obligations). The Psychological Contract of Employment A set of unwritten reciprocal expectations between an individual employee and the organisation’ (Schein 1977) Positive psychological contract through particular configurations of HR policies and practices * Behavioural and performance outcomes such as job satisfaction, employee commitment, motivation and lowered intention to quit. The Explicit Contract of employment An agreement between two parties enforceable by law†¦ a contract of service and comes into being when an employee agrees to work for an employer in return for pay’ (ACAS) * Accumulation of rights and responsibilities for both parties * The terms of a contract can be: * Express (explicitly agreed between the parties, either in writing or orally) * Implied (not explicitly agreed but which would be taken by the parties to form part of the contract Control VS Commitment With the evolution of people management there is now more of a focus on control. The logic of control Direct control * Low trust employment relationship * Strict supervision and task specification * Subordination of labour to capital. Responsible autonomy High trust commitment relationships A degree of worker discretions and responsibility Edwards (1979) developed this analysis by identifying two ‘structural’ strategies for control: Technical control -built into machinery and technology (Fordist) Bureaucratic control -Control via internal labour markets, career structures and the position of individuals relative to one another with regard to job security, status and ‘rank’. Social control Conformity and compliance with a set of formal or informal rules Internalisation of norms and values of a group Handy (1976), referring to organisations in their broadest possible sense (not only work organisations), identifies three types of psychological contract: Coercive * Contract is not entered into freely (e. . prisons) * Majority dominated by minority who exercise control by rule/punishment * Emphasis on conformity. Calculative * Contract is entered into freely but control is maintained by management * Power is expressed in terms of their ability to give desired rewards to the individual. Co-operative * Individual tends to identify with the goals of the organisation and strive for their attainment through individual effort. * Effort is based on the degree the individual has input in the company’s goals. Commitment is closely associated with motivation, but whereas motivation is focused mainly on the individual, commitment is more strongly associated with the individual’s attachment to, and identification with, the work organisation and the organisation’s goals’ (Blyton ; Jenkins 2008; 139) Employee commitment and association with the aims and values of the firm are the mediating link between HR policies and practices and enhanced individual and organisational performance Relationship reflects form of ‘labour’ involved and that can be ‘bought’ in this exchange: * Physical * Mental (‘thinking’) * Emotional (‘the act of expressing organisationally-desired emotions during service transactions’: Morris ; Feldman 1996; 987) * Aesthetic (‘looking good’ or ‘sounding right’: Nickson et al. 2003). How to cite Hrm and Employment Relationships, Papers

Historical Report on Race free essay sample

A life that we thought was best for us and our kids to grow up in. We produced our own food, shelter and weapons and revived for ourselves in the most natural way possible. It wasnt always easy though, and others seen more value out of our land and resources than us. I was forced off my land and had to adapt to the new peoples way of life. That in which they called a white society; this society created many acts in my life time in order to weaken our society such as those of the Allotment Act and the Reorganization Act (Schaefer, p. 47, 2012). People of my cultural lived on reservations, we had learned to separate ourselves and adopt our own way of life and government. Native Americans ad created their own nation and it caused and has caused a lot of tension between us and the U. S. Culture. As a Native American, we were all about live the traditional way of life. There was value to our land and the resources that we used and the white people wanted and did take it from us.It seemed as if we were constantly at war with the white people so that we could protect what we thought was rightfully ours. They had created an act known as the Indian Removal Act, which was passed in 1830 (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). This opened more land for settlement and allowed people to come in and take ever our reservations (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). In 1946, Congress had created the Indian Claims Commission (Schaefer, p. 1 50, 2012). This was a good thing for us, or so we thought. It meant that finally our voice was going to be heard.There were three members apart of the commission, and they were given a five year deadline, but there kept getting extension after extension, until; in 1978 the whole thing was abolished (Schaefer p. 155, 2012). At times, it seemed as if maybe the government was trying to help us, that or they were trying to use us. In 1 952, the BIB began programs, so that they loud relocate young Native Americans to Urban areas and by 1962 they had created what was called the Employment Assistance program; also known as the EPA (Schaefer, p 1 57, 2012).Basically there primary goal was to relocate us by offering us better jobs opportunities that, that of the reservation could not offer. But this plan had soon backfired on them. By 1 965, one-fourth to one third of the people in the EPA had returned home to their reservations (Schaefer p. 157, 2012). Today, most of our land has been taken from us and no longer exist. Native Americans themselves are not being treated as badly as we were back then, but its the culture and our name that continues to be insulted. Schools have such a thing as mascots, and they create names for them.They use those such as the Braves or Redskins. Those names have a meaning to the Native American culture, it tends to bring up the past for us, and though there intentions may not be that of insulting us, some of us dont like it too much. It hasnt always been easy for us, and at times wanted to give up. But everything seems to turn out for the better. Ive learned that every culture ND person has their own Way of living and when someone sees a greater value of that persons living then they have to have it. Things dont always have to be that way; people can come up with their own greater value of living. Remember, you dont always have to have someone elses greater value to have a greater value of your own. Make an even better living for yourself than trying to take someone elses. Hope you learned well from this letter and I wish you the best. Your Friend! Resources: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th De. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Historical Report on Race free essay sample A life that we thought was best for us and our kids to grow up in. We produced our own food, shelter and weapons and provided for ourselves in the most natural way possible. It wasn’t always easy though, and others seen more value out of our land and resources than us. I was forced off my land and had to adapt to the new peoples way of life. That in which they called a white society; this society created many acts in my life time in order to weaken our society such as those of the Allotment Act and the Reorganization Act (Schaefer, p. 47, 2012). People of my cultural lived on reservations, we had learned to separate ourselves and adopt our own way of life and government. Native Americans had created their own nation and it caused and has caused a lot of tension between us and the U. S. culture. As a Native American, we were all about live the traditional way of life. There was value to our land and the resources that we used and the white people wanted and did take it from us. It seemed as if we were constantly at war with the white people so that we could protect what we thought was rightfully ours. They had created an act known as the Indian Removal Act, which was passed in 1830 (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). This opened more land for settlement and allowed people to come in and take over our reservations (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). In 1946, Congress had created the Indian Claims Commission (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). This was a good thing for us, or so we thought. It meant that finally our voice was going to be heard. There were three members apart of the commission, and they were given a five year deadline, but there kept getting extension after extension, until; in 1978 the whole thing was abolished (Schaefer p. 155, 2012). At times, it seemed as if maybe the government was trying to help us, that or they were trying to use us. In 1952, the BIA began programs, so that they could relocate young Native Americans to Urban areas and by 1962 they had created what was called the Employment Assistance program; also known as the EAP (Schaefer, p 157, 2012). Basically there primary goal was to relocate us by offering us better jobs opportunities that, that of the reservation could not offer. But this plan had soon backfired on them. By 1965, one-fourth to one third of the people in the EAP had returned home to their reservations (Schaefer p. 157, 2012). Today, most of our land has been taken from us and no longer exist. Native Americans themselves are not being treated as badly as we were back then, but it’s the culture and our name that continues to be insulted. Schools have such a thing as mascots, and they create names for them. They use those such as the â€Å"Braves† or â€Å"Redskins. † Those names have a meaning to the Native American culture, it tends to bring up the past for us, and though there intentions may not be that of insulting us, some of us don’t like it too much. It hasn’t always been easy for us, and at times I wanted to give up. But everything seems to turn out for the better. I’ve learned that every culture and person has their own way of living and when someone sees a greater value of that person’s living then they have to have it. Things don’t always have to be that way; people can come up with their own greater value of living. Remember, you don’t always have to have someone else’s greater value to have a greater value of your own. Make an even better living for yourself than trying to take someone else’s. I hope you learned well from this letter and I wish you the best. Your Friend! Resources: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essay Example

Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essay In psychology and education, learning is commonly defined as a process that brings together cognitive, behaviour and Humanists elements. This assignment shows the concept of the relevant theories and principles of learning and communication; select and critically analysed of how I plan to deliver these strategies in my own teaching; and reflect on the impact that these insights have had on my own practice and professional development. What is the definition of theory? To me theory is something which is explained to you, a system of ideas intended to explain something, one based on general overview. A definition of principles, to me is to be opinionated on how I feel towards chosen topic. Geoff Petty (2009) states that, `every teacher and every learner has a theory about learning. ’ To able to conclude my own theories and principles on planning and enabling learning I need to learn what is accepted to others. Research I understand there are many different theories relating to teaching and learning. Those that I have looked at are Behaviourist, Cognitive and Humanists elements. These are not new concepts. Although that some of these theorists are descended their work is still use into practices. Behaviourism is primarily associated with Pavlov (classical conditioning) in Russia; and with Thorndike, Watson and particularly Skinner in the United States (operant conditioning). In educational surroundings, behaviourism implies the dominance of the teacher, as in behaviour modification programmes. It can, however, be applied to an understanding of unintended learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Classical conditioning in its simplest form is a type of conditioning associates by an external stimulus; in Pavlov original experiment this was a bell, with the arrival of a second stimulus which was the food, this resulted in a response to the bell which would have been achieved previously by the food. Frederic Skinner’s work was influenced by Pavlov’s experiment and the ideas of John Watson, father of behaviourism. His interest in stimulus-response of how humans reacted to various situations became fascinating. Skinner developed teaching machines, so students could learn, uncovering answers for an immediate â€Å"reward†. Humanistic, humanism and humanist are terms in psychology relating to an approach which studies the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual by emphasizing the study of the person overall. This behaviour clarifies the ability of learners to respond to the lesson. John Holt, How Children Fail (1964) states that â€Å"the school system could destroy the minds and emotions of young children. His blistering attack accused schools of inducing fear in pupils, and humiliating, ridiculing and devaluing them† This is a very generalised point of view due, to the fact that Holt is tarnishing all schools with the same reputation. However, it is important not to completely dismiss his views, as the point he makes about fear of failure is something we must be aware of in our teaching. In another humanistic approach which also fits within the humanistic spectrum is that proposed by Malcolm Knowles (1913-1977) his studies focus on adult education which was formed in 1946. Formal programs were for those sponsored by educational institutions, such as universities, high and trade schools in America. He implemented that adult education was pointed to the friendly and informal surroundings. This enhanced adult learners to take more responsibility for their destiny as they mature through the learning process. Cognitive learning theory is about how to learn rather than what to learn i. e. how to write a report, how to recall specific facts, how to use learning to solve problems or be creative. Cognitivism is â€Å"the psychology of learning which emphasizes on how we think and gain knowledge. Theorists are intrigued and want to understand how problem solving changes throughout childhood, how cultural differences affect the way we view our own achievements, language development. Theories such as Jerome Bruner (1915) and Lev Vygostsky (1896) expressed the view that `expository teaching’ deprived learners of the chance to think for them, however Vygostsky approach `Zone of proximal development’ focused on the concept that what a learner could do today with they could do alone tomorrow. The behaviourist approach can encourage me to understand what motivates my learners and to challenge them on what goals they wish to achieve through their learning. These techniques can influence and can allow me to shape and enhance my learners into behaving in an acceptable way through Skinner’s theory of `Positive or Negative Reinforcement’. As a research a bi product of this will develop my learner way of analysing. This encourages a comfortable learning environment for all learners. Negative reinforces are ones that increase the chance that a behaviour will occur when it is removed. Punishments are events that decrease the frequency of behaviour that it follows (Skinner, 2003) Take the learner in the classroom that ontinually talk s to his neighbour; it reinforces his behaviour to continue, but if the teacher punishes him by having him stand up in front of the whole class and apologies, he will be more likely to refrain on talking again. Skinner believes that behaviour could be altered by using positive and negative types of reinforcement. Remember negative reinforcement is not punishment. If I have not covered everything on t he original lesson plan, learning can however be measured making assessment and planning for next session easier. By constantly revisiting certain topics and using Question and Answers learners have an understanding on what they are learning and why. This would not be the case for all, based on behaviour modification there are also disadvantages to this approach. Repetitive learning may encourage some learners to remember information but it doesn’t necessary mean they have understood the concept. Some learners will not be confident to admit this and just produced the required answers without knowing how they got to the answers. How do we include rewards and why the reason for them? As a teacher I tried to implement these when suitable for all learners. If this is not done then the whole process will become confusing and motivation will be lost. This theory can tend to lead myself towards the `pedagogical approach to learning’. As covering that the Humanistic approach is relied for individuals to explore their own interest and curiosities this will assure them to grow into fully functioning, self-trusting, and independent people. All individuals are unique and have an inborn drive to achieve their maximum potential. This I can relate too with the learners that I teach, once they have discovered their own personality this will generally relate to their chosen career options this will give learners to have free will in the learning experience and can effect on the change of their knowledge. I use the Humanistic approach to learning within my classroom as practical is a massive contribute to my teaching. Carl Rogers, in freedom to learn (1969) states that self-directed learning delivers the considerable educational advantages of independent learning. Advantages which I find to this are that by meeting learners needs, each learner will feel valued and respected. This will help build up a level of trust between the learner and teacher resulting to excellent communication. When planning and delivering lessons, I include various activities to allow this to happen. At the end of each lesson I find that group discussions give the learners freedom to induce new ideas and to listen to their peers opinions. This gives them the tools to feel empowered and have control over how they learn. This sounds like a perfect andragogical approach but could have some disadvantages. We know that Bruner’s cognitivists approach to learning is basis on emphasizing active restructuring of knowledge through own experience of life. With this theory the learner draws on his/her own past experience and acknowledges new facts, relationships and truths. Students interact with the world by exploring; asking questions and interpretation what is relevant to the subject. I. e. when tackling new ideas the learner relies on the teacher to give them the correct answer, assuming the teacher is in their comfort zone. To allow learners to achieve this transformation is by working in groups which encourages them to socially interact with one another which will then lead to process of learning, As a result this method students may be more likely to remember the concept and knowledge discovered on their own. Another strategy often used in my classroom involves embedding questions, which allows the learners to find out the answers to the problem before setting their task. This may again relate to their personal experience. Often organising school trips (exhibition, real life theatre) can allow the learners to interact with real life situations. I allow for discussion/debates around specific questions relating to that topic that I have structured to initiate points that are relevant to their learning. These theories have made me think differently to my own practise in the way I plan my lessons, which methods of delivery I use as well as how I assess what types of learning has taken place. I teach in a secondary school environment, where the learners go thought a transition from KS3, KS4 KS5. The course is practical, but there are some elements of theoretical methods which gives learners the chance to demonstrate skills in a performance environment. I agree that planning for lesson is a strong area for me and my learners. As a result, I will always construct the delivery of my own teaching including the three learning domains. I found that the Bruner strategy had the most impact on my teaching from both a practical and professional point of view. This has enabled me to encourage my learner’s involvement by utilising these methods. It has now become a natural part of my lessons, which involves incorporating QA as well as discussions to assess that learning has taken place in the Affective domain. My confidence has developed as a result, as well as my learner’s needs and communication is now at an all time high in the classroom. These areas are now a massive part as to how I deliver a lesson, as well as ensuring that communication flows both ways. After conducting research into the theories of learning, I have realised there are some improvements that need be made. One of these involves giving my learners more freedom and responsibility with the answers, rather than prompting them. I believe this simple change can breed confidence and progress for both me and the learners. Bibliography Skinner, B. F (Reprint 2003). The Technology of Teaching. Cambridge, MA: B. F. Skinner Foundation Petty, G (Reprint 2009). A Practice Guide Teaching Today. N. Thornes Forth Edition Holt, J C 1923- 1985 (revised edition) Classics in child development Knowles, M. and Swanson R. A, The Adult Learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resources Harkin, J. , Turner, G. and Dawn, T. (2001). Teaching Young Adults. London, Routledge. Rogers. C and J. H Freiberg (Third Edition) Freedom to learn

Letter of Recommendations

Letter of Recommendations Letter of Recommendations The letter of recommendation for any position or a promotion is to give an overall assessment of the candidates potential in excelling in the new position. In other words, the letter of recommendation is the support the candidate professional promise depending of the assessment that was done in the previous position that the candidate held. The importance of the recommendation letter is to give and highlight on the key and important areas of the student that will only show his strengths and the fitness for the position. The letter of recommendation should be well typed, clear and precise. The following qualities make the letter look more profession and well organized and this is what most recruiters look for in the letter. Is the letter focusing on the applicant? The letter of application should concentrate on the applicants capabilities and promise of his fitting to the next position. Description of the applicants record; The letter of recommendation should highlight on the performance of the applicant in his former position as this will give a hint on how well equipped he is for the next position. The letter of application should contain an overall record of the accomplishments of the applicant for this will enable the recruiter assess the capability of the applicant. The letter of recommendation should also portray characteristics that will support the applicant through giving the recruiter an easy way to predict the potential growth of the applicant. The letter of recommendation usually consists of three main parts, the introduction, assessment and recommendation or conclusion. Introduction part gives a general highlight of the applicant while the assessment gives the data or evidence of the capability of the applicant. The recommendation part recommends the applicant in the new position through the support of the assessment.

The comparison of Lukoil & BP Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The comparison of Lukoil & BP - Case Study Example The company registered thelargest trading volumes among foreign companies tradedon the London Stock Exchange (IOB) in 2005 and at home, the Russian Trading System - also in 2005. Sales coverage includes the 59 regions Russia and 16 other countries -Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine, Finland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Serbia, Romania, Czech Republic, Estonia, and the USA. Distribution operational capacity stood at 199 tank farms and 5,405 gas stations by the end of the year 2004. This includes 779 Mobil gas stations throughout the USA (LUKOIL, 2006a). BP was formerly known as British Petroleum and is a British energy company with headquarters in London. After merging with the Amoco Corporation, the company was named "BP Amoco". After a single year of joint operations, the company drop the Amoco name and BP now stood for "Beyond Petroleum". The company is regarded as one of the oil, natural gas and petrol leaders in the world. In the 2006 Fortune Global 500 list of companies, BP was ranked 4th in the world for turnover with sales at $268 billion which was down from 2nd in 2005 and 1st among oil companies the. The 2006 Forbes Global 2000 ranked BP as the 8th largest company in the world with profits in 2005 amounting to $22.341 billion. The number of service stations stood at 28,500 with 15,900 based in the USA alone. Proven reserves amount to 18.3 billion barrels of oil and gas (57/43 percentage distribution). The company is active in 26 countries with production activities in 22 of them. (BP, 2006b) Methodology In this paper, we will be comparing which company between LUKOIL and BP is more investment equitable. BP, having been in the business since 1889 (Amoco), has established itself as the foremost leader in the global oil industry as we have seen in the company's profile. However, as we will be seeing later, LUKOIL has seen a tremendous growth in performance. The BP, being well established in the industry, has certain advantages over LUKOIL such as business management expertise honed by years in the industry and a larger market share and production capacities. But this edge may very well be overcome with the current performance of LUKOIL. To determine which of the two will be more equitable, we will be looking into the financial health of the company especially the equity returns. We will also be considering the economic trends and the political factors that affects the profitability of LUKOIL and BP as these are major determinants of the risk involved in investing in the company.. Special focus will be given to the developments in Russia, which have contributed to the tremendous growth of LUKOIL. Equity Profile LUKOIL Return on Equity Profile (LUKOIL, 2006c): 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Equity, mln USD 12,385 14,000 17,472 20,811 26,804 Net Income, mln USD 2,109 1,843 2,571 4,248 6,443 Return On Equity, % 18.4 14.0 16.3 22.2 27.1 BP OIL Return on Equity Profile (BP, 2006a): _________________________ 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Equity, mln USD 63,251 68,254 75,524 81,456 86,647 Net Income, mln U

Managing across culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing across culture - Essay Example The aspect of culture can also be used towards supervising locally recruited employees. Samovar, Porter & McDaniel (2009) posit to the effect that understanding the mode of communication within a business culture is an asset for proper and peaceful interaction of business people and the locals. In order to excel in business, it is important to have the right cultural facts about the citizens living in a particular society. This helps business to design its strategies so that they are able to absorb the cultural shocks that may emerge in the course of their activities. Cultural shock is a concept which entails that â€Å"any move from one country to another will create a certain amount of confusion, disorientation and emotional upheaval and this is called culture shock,† (Robbins, 1993, p. 78). ... This reflective report will try to provide detailed information regarding hierarchy, gender roles, communication and relationship, greetings, and social interactions in US which can affect a business venture I intend to set in this country. A conclusion based on the findings of secondary research will be given at the end of the report. Business Culture of United States United States is the third largest country in the world and it is one of the best performing economies across the whole world. It borders with Canada, Mexico, pacific, Atlantic oceans, and Caribbean Sea and its population in the year 2007 was estimated to be 301,139,947 (Moran, Harris & Moran, 2010). There are many ethnic groups in the US and it is believed that the whites occupy the largest percentage of about 81.7% while other groups such as black occupy 12.9%, Amerindian and Alaska 1%, Asian 4.2%, and Hawaii and Pacific Islander 0.2% (Moran, Harris & Moran, 2010). Research has shown that United States has a wide ran ge of cultures hence most people who stay in America have their ancestral connections that belong to another culture. In most cases, their ancestral cultures are in Scotland, Germany and Ireland. A comprehensive analysis of cultural diversity has been done by Geert Hofstede who found that national culture has a major impact on employees’ work related values and attitudes (Robbins, 1993). He found that managers and employees vary on five dimensions of national culture namely individualism versus collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, quantity versus quality of life as well as long term orientation. According to studies, rich countries like the US are very

Marginal and Absorption Costing for Financial Statements

Marginal and Absorption Costing for Financial Statements This paper aims at looking at how income statements are prepared using marginal and absorption costing. The absorption costing method charges all direct costs to the product costs as well as a share of indirect costs. The indirect costs are charged to products using a single overhead absorption rate which is calculated by dividing the total cost centre overhead to the total volume of budgeted production. (ACCA, 2006; Drury, 2006; Blocker et al., 2005). On the other hand under marginal costing, only variable costs are charged to cost units. Fixed costs are written off the profit and loss account as period costs. (Drury, 2006; Blocker et al., 2005). Sections a) and b) below show the marginal and absorption costing income statements respectively for H Ltd that manufactures and sells a single product during the years ending 2006 and 2007. It is assumed that the company uses the first-in-first-out (FIFO) method for valuing inventories. In addition it is assumed that the company employs a single overhead absorption rate each year based on budgeted units and actual units exactly equalled budgeted units for both years. Workings are shown the attached excel file. Marginal Costing Absorption costing. Reconciliation of net income under absorption and Marginal Costing. Under marginal costing inventory of finished goods as well as work in progress is valued at variable costs only. On the contrary, absorption costing values stocks of inventory of finished goods and work in progress at both variable costs and an absorbed amount for fixed production overheads. (ACCA, 2006; Lucy, 2002). In the case of H Ltd, under marginal costing, only variable costs are included in the ending inventory figure. This results in a profit figure of  £400,000. On the other hand absorption costing includes additional  £200,000 as fixed overhead in the ending inventory for 2006. As a result absorption operating profit is overstated by  £200,000 in 2006. In like manner, the absorption profit under absorption costing is overstated by  £140,000 due to an inclusion of  £140,000 of fixed overhead cost in the ending inventory figure for 2007. To reconcile the profit under absorption costing and marginal costing, we may either subtract the fixed overhead included in endin g inventory from the absorption cost operating profit to arrive at the marginal cost operating profit or add the fixed overhead costs in ending inventory to the marginal cost operating profit to arrive at the absorption cost operating profit. Stock Build-ups Stock build-ups may result from using absorption costing for performance measurement purposes because inventory is valued at both fixed and variable costs. Firstly, profit is overstated. In fact absorption costing enables income manipulation because when inventory increases fixed costs in the current year can be deferred to latter years and as such current net income is overstated which in effect results in financial statements that do not present fairly and as such affect users’ decisions on the financial statements. Secondly, maintaining high levels of inventory may result in obsolescence and as such declines in future profitability resulting from the loss in value of the inventory. (Blocher et al., 2005; Storey, 2002). Advantages of Absorption Costing and Marginal Costing According to ACCA (2006) the following arguments have been advanced for using absorption costing: It is necessary to include fixed overhead in stock values for financial statements. This is because routine cost accounting using absorption costing produces stock values which include a share of fixed overhead. Based on this argument, financial statements prepared using absorption costing present a true and faithful representation of the actual results of operation of the company. For a small jobbing business, overhead allotment is the only practicable way of obtaining job costs for estimating and profit analysis. Analysis of under/over-absorbed overhead is useful to identify inefficient utilisation of production resources. ACCA (2006) also identifies a number of arguments in favour of marginal costing. Preparation of routine cost accounting statements using marginal costing is considered more informative to management for the following reasons: Contribution per unit represents a direct measure of how profit and volume relate. Profit per unit is a misleading figure. Build-up or run-down of stocks of finished goods will distort comparison of operating profit statements. In the case of closing inventory, the inventory is valued only at the variable cost per unit. This makes the profit under a situation where there is closing inventory to be the same as the case when there is no closing inventory thereby enabling the comparison of operating profit statements over time. Unlike under absorption costing, marginal costing avoids the arbitrary apportionment of fixed costs, which in turn result in misleading product cost comparisons. Bibliography ACCA (2006). Paper 2.4 Financial Management and Control: Study Text 2006/2007. www.kaplanfoulslynch.com Blocher, E., Chen, K., Cokins, G., Lin, T. (2005). Cost Management A Strategic Emphasis. 3rd Edition McGraw Hill. Drury, C. (2004). Management and Cost Accounting. 6th Edition. Thomson Learning, London. Lucy, T (2002), Costing, 6th ed., Continuum. Storey, P (2002), Introduction to Cost and Management Accounting, Palgrave Macmillan

Assembly language vs. Mechanical language Essay

Assembly language can execute the same commands as machine language; however, the commands have names instead of numbers. Assembly language, unlike machine language, is a symbolic representation of operation codes, symbolic memory addresses and pseudo codes, which makes the virtual environment user friendly. Machine language, on the other hand, is represented as binary bits consisting of a string of 0s and 1s, which makes the virtual world challenging since the lingo is only comprehended primarily by computers. Therefore, assembly language is considered more user friendly than machine language. Assembly language enables programmers to relate op codes using symbolic names in place of numbers to perform an instruction or input a piece of data. Programmers can inscribe op codes using purposeful words like JUMP, CLEAR, and ADD as an alternative to cryptic binary codes consisting of series of 0s and 1s. An example of assembly language, machine language and its meaning are listed in the book called, â€Å"Invitation to Computer Science† (Schneider & Gersting, 2013, pp. 285, fig. 6.5). In figure 6.5, assembly language is clearly easier to comprehend than machine language, which makes assembly language user friendly. In addition, assembly language allows programmers to utilize symbolic addresses to replace numeric memory addresses in binary bits to execute a command or input data. Computer specialist can link symbolic labels to an instruction or piece of data in the program. In other words, the symbolic label turns into a permanent tag for the instruction or piece of data disregarding where it populates in the program or where it relocates in the memory. However, machine language is more complicated. To perform an instruction or input data in the memory in a specific location, the computer specialist must specify the direct address. For example, â€Å"In machine language, to jump to the instruction stored in memory location 18, you must specify directly to address 18 (write JUMP 18 in binary code). The programming is complicated if a new instruction or data is introduced anywhere within the 18 lines of the program, the jump location 18 shifted to 19. According to Schneider and Gersting, â€Å"This makes modifying programs very difficult, and even small changes become big efforts† (2013, pp. 285). Assembly language use symbolic address is proven to be more user friendly than a numeric address for programmers. Moreover, pseudo code allows the programmer to use a special type of assembly language to be converted into op code referred to as pseudo op. Unlike other operation codes, a pseudo –op does not develop a machine language for instructions or data. In order to execute such task, pseudo-op implores the service of the assembler. One of the many services provided by the assembler is the ability to generate instructions or data into the suitable binary likeness for the system. A brief summary of the conversion is documented in the publication â€Å"Invitation to Computer Science† (Schneider & Gersting, 2013, pp. 287). The summary breaks down how the pseudo-op commands the assembler to generate a binary representation for the integer, and so on. If a programmer had to manually construct the conversion, this would prove to be a very cumbersome task. Therefore the application of assembly language pseudo-op makes the task more favorable for the user. Consequently, assembly language symbolic representation of op codes, addresses, and pseudo codes all makes the virtual environmental experience for users more appealing than that of machine language. Assembly language is developed with the human factor in mind and with that, the experience for the programmer is uncomplicated. Advancement in the virtual world deemed assembly language more appropriate named low-level programming language. Where machine language in the virtual world was once considered primitive, assembly language to, now resides in the same era. In the land of programming, the assembly language created for a specific task or data input must be converted into machine language. The conversion is executed by an assembler. Therefore, low-level programming language, in the same manner, has to convert into machine language the same. More specifically, â€Å"Each symbolic assembly language instruction is translated into exactly one binary machine language instruction† (Schneider & Gersting, 2013, pp. 282). The translation into binary machine language means that instructions or data is represented by a series of 0s and 1s in order for the computer to execute the instruction or store the data information given. Schneider and Gersting said it best when they stated, â€Å"†¦it is the language of the hardware itself† (2013, pp. 282). Since programmers are not hardware the process could prove to very cumbersome for users. The silver lining in this storm is the creation of high-level programming language. Unlike low-level programming language, high-level programming language is more maneuverable by the programmer. High-level programming language is created to use both natural language and mathematical notation. In other words, Schneider and Gersting states, â€Å"A single high-level language instruction is typically translated into many machine language instructions, and the virtual environment created by a high-level language is much more powerful than the one produced by an assembly language† (2013, pp. 282). In short, high-level programming language differs from low-level programming language in that the translation into many machine languages versus translation into one machine language is more powerful. Moreover, high-level programming language is user friendly rather than low-level programming language which is computer friendly. Since the general idea is making the virtual world friendlier for its users, if Internet did not exist, I would not be so friendly. I access the internet on a daily basis for a variety of tasks like; paying bills, scheduling and canceling appointments, recipes, purchases, banking, and the list could go on and on. However, the most important area of internet use is paying bills. Prior to the internet, paying bill required physically visiting the establishment where the bill is to be paid, purchasing a money order in some cases, writing a check or even more archaic, paying with cash. Somehow, a bill or two slipped through the cracks. Now that the primitive days are over and technology has advanced the human nation, auto pay makes life much easier. The merchants that are due payment for services rendered receive payment automatically and all that is required, is manually setting the date, amount and merchant to be paid. Auto pay is convenient, one less tree is destroyed and gas is saved for another day. Simple as my reasons may be, it works for me. Advance in virtual technology make life easier for internet user, however, piracy can present itself as a problem if certain protocols are not put in place. When communicating with others over the internet, there are many ways to safeguard your computer, here are five protocols used as protection while communicating over the internet, authentication, authorization, encryption, system administrator, and firewalls. A combination of all these protocol could safeguard users while communicating over the internet. Authentication is a way of verify the individual right to access a computer. The individual accessing the computer usually has a unique username and password that allows the computer to recognize the individual to allow access to the system. For example, most employers allow their employees access to computers on the job for various duties. However, some user have restrictions where as others do not. In, â€Å"Invitation to Computer science†, a passage on authentication reads, â€Å"When a user attempts to log on to the machine, the operating system reads the user ID and checks that the password matches the password for that user in the password file† (Schneider & Gersting, 2013, pp. 391). Piracy can still occur if this is the only protocol used. However, if authentication is partnered with encryption, communication may not be compromised over the internet. Encryption allows users to create a message in plain text but before it is send to its destination the message is encrypted also known as ciphertext. When the message is obtained by the receiver the content is decoded so it is able to be read. However, if the message is hijacked by the incorrect receiver, the plain text remains encrypted. Encryption according to Schneider & Gersting, â€Å"is the process of using an algorithm to convert information into a representation that cannot be understood or utilized by anyone without the proper decryption algorithm;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2013, pp. 401). Moving along in safe communication over the internet is authorization. Authorization dictates what an authenticated user has permission to do. Contingent on whom the authorized individual may be, they possess the ability to read, write, execute or delete files. The text, â€Å"Invitation to Computer Science† states, â€Å"The system administrator or superuser has access to everything, and is the person who sets up the authorization privileges for all other users† (Schneider & Gersting, 2013, pp. 395). A more tangible explanation is, I am the system administrator for my personal laptop and I delegate authorization to other users. Next in safety is firewall software. Firewall software blocks access points to a users’ computer. It inhibits communication to or from sites you the user do not allow. In addition to safety while communicating over the internet, safeguarding your computer against viruses is vital. One measure a user can utilize to safeguard their computer against viruses is antivirus software. There is much antivirus software available on the market but the main two that comes to mind is Norton and McAfee antivirus software. Both seem to be popular amongst consumers of today. Antivirus software recognizes viruses, worms and Trojan horses by unique signature these programs transmit. The software wipes out the tainted program being transmitted which safeguards your computer from any threats. In the last 12 months, the following three computer viruses have had a significant impact on business are Shamoon which attacked Saudi Aramco oil company computer, St. Barnabas Healthcare System e-mails were infiltrated by Melissa and a Chinese hacker infiltrated the Times computer system through malware which granted them access to any computer on the Times network. The morning of August 15, 2012 a virus was unleashed to execute the destruction of a company called Aramco’s, corporate PCs documents, spreadsheets, e-mails, files putting in place of all the items demolished, an image of a burning American flag. The person responsible for such destruction is unknown but the article states, â€Å"†¦a person with privileged access to the Saudi state-owned oil company’s computers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is the villain (Perlroth 2012). The name of the virus that collapsed Aramco’s computers is called Shamoon. The virus compelled the company to terminate the company’s internal network in efforts to hinder the virus from spreading like wildfire. In another article, St. Barnabas Health Care System e-mails were sabotaged by the horrendous e-mail virus Melissa. The virus surfer the information highway and infected E-mail systems worldwide, hindering networks and hard drives and to add insult to injury destroyed data. In efforts to save the St. Barnabas Health Care System immediate shut down of the system and networks was in order to rid the organization of the problem. In the same manner, Chinese hackers installed malware to infiltrate Times computer system to obtain passwords for personnel employed by Times. The Chinese hacker had a four month running spree of consistently attacking Times systems. The article states, â€Å"The timing of the attacks coincided with the reporting for a Times investigation, published online on Oct. 25, that found that the relatives of Wen Jiabao, China’s prime minister, had accumulated a fortune worth several billion dollars through business dealings† (Perlroth 2013). In efforts to intercept the Chinese hackers attacks, Times employed security guru to detect and block the attacks. Perlroth reports, â€Å"Computer security experts found no evidence that sensitive e-mails or files from the reporting of our articles about the Wen family were accessed, downloaded or copied,† said Jill Abramson, executive editor of The Times† (2013) References Larson, A. (1999, July 12). Global Security Servey: Virus Attack. Information Week, http://www.informationweek.com/743/security.htm Perlroth, N. (2012, October 23). In Cyberattack on Saudi Firm, U.S. Sees Iran Firing Back. New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/24/business/global/cyberattack-on-saudi-oil-firm-disquiets-us.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Perlroth, N. (2013, January 30). Hackers in China Attacked The Times for Last 4 Months. New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/31/technology/chinese-hackers-infiltrate-new-york-times-computers.html?pagewanted=all Schneider, G.M. & Gersting, J.L., (2013). Invitation to Computer Science. (6th ed.). Boston, Ma: press

King Oedipus Essay

* In one of the early Greek tragedies written by Sophocles in 470 BC, ‘Oedipus the King’ demonstrates the arrogance portrayed by human nature which he therefore turns away the obvious truth. This early Greek Myth shows the way in which Oedipus, the King of Thebes, is so arrogant in wanting the truth in regards to the mishaps that shroud his land and so persistent that he is ultimately leading himself into his own demise. * Oedipus’ arrogance is demonstrated very early on in the play, when his uncle ‘unknown at this time’, Creon, returns with news from the Gods. On his arrival at the palace of Thebes, Oedipus demands the news. Creon is reluctant though as he brings only bad news, â€Å"If you want my report in the presence of these people†¦I’m ready now or we might go inside†. Oedipus in reply say’s, â€Å"Speak out, speak to us all. I grieve for these my people, far more than I fear for my own life†. This ignorance to accept advice from Creon, led the problem to become public to the people of Thebes, which later results in Oedipus’ own demise as he had the potential to deal with it privately. * When Oedipus calls upon the Oracle Tiresias to prove this theory of banishing the murderer of Laius from his land, he is confident in himself that he can discover and devastate the curse which clenches his city state in its grasp. He is however mistaken in his views as when he calls upon the oracle, a new truth is revealed. The refusal of the oracle to relay the truthful message of the god’s to Oedipus infuriates him. â€Å"I will never reveal my dreadful secrets†, from the Oracle’s refusal comes Oedipus’ bewilderment as to the refusal of his command. â€Å"You’re bent on betraying us, destroying Thebes?† Due to Oedipus’ constant taunts towards the Oracle, the truth is finally revealed and shock and bewilderment fill him up and untold stories and cobwebs within Oedipus’ life are revealed, much to his shock and disbelief. * As Oedipus rose to the thrown through his bravest of actions his demise was the result of his only weak links, his arrogance and self confidence. As the truth unfolds in regards to the murder of King Laius, so does the unfolding of the hidden secrets in Oedipus’ life creating shock and horror among his nation’s people as to the darker side of their hero. He is so determined to provide his people with another act of heroism that he is blinded to the obvious truth that he could of learned through himself when hearing the words of the Oracle, telling him to drop the matter. It is through his own thoughtless actions that undermine the power in which King Oedipus once held firmly in his grasp, confirming his own responsibility in his destiny.

Essay on Cosmetic Surgery - 1370 Words

Cosmetic Surgery Cosmetic surgery has been a growing fascination for many people over the last couple of decades. The public eye has been watching movie stars and rock stars enhance their looks by getting breast implants, nose jobs, lip jobs etc. In Gary Schaefer’s article, â€Å"Emerging From Stigma, Cosmetic Surgery Remaking Face of Japan† from the Edmonton Journal, we hear the story of a nineteen year old woman named Risa Arato. She had a makeover done on the prime time Japanese television show, â€Å"Beauty Colosseum.† People of today are being offered this life altering surgery in a less expensive and more convenient way then ever before. What once was considered â€Å"disrespectful† to parents is now being supported by them. High risks†¦show more content†¦While there is little risk involved to you physically, the question is how it will affect you mentally and I believe ultimately this life altering surgery will change people’s lives in a good way. All though some would disagree, many people are being tormented while growing up for their appearances. They say it is what is on the inner surface or a person’s personality that really matters, yet the childish ridiculing of others does not stop. Risa Arato had to take such verbal abuse from her own â€Å"estranged father.† He told her after not seeing her since she was very young that â€Å"she hadn’t turned out very cute.† This would crush anyone after not seeing their father for years, only to be hurt by him when they do. How can anyone grow up with a healthy self esteem after going through such torture? The nineteen year old decided to take action after going through all of this and this action was made possible by â€Å"Beauty Colosseum.† The television show has helped many people, not only Risa, in ridding of their â€Å"social stigma.† It is, in fact, very shallow to judge people by their looks, yet a lot of people are still doing it. How are people supposed to open up and show their true self if you do not let them because of the way they look? Being stared at and made fun of makes people become defensive and this causes people to become very unhappy. It is these types of insecurities that I think cosmetic surgery can rid people of. â€Å"BeautyShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Plastic Surgery : Cosmetic Surgery994 Words   |  4 PagesOther failures related to cosmetic plastic surgery are often linked to the use of Botox. For instance, e all know or have seen this one person who has received an excess of Botox injections and ended up having unnaturally, protruding cheeks. Although using Botox is nonsurgical, it is still classified as cosmetic plastic surgery because it restrains our muscles from carrying out any movement. 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